Paris, S. 177–189. Not logged in This finding demonstrates the stability of this result. Avenel 2004, ders. Paris. Vieillard-Baron, H. (1996): Les Banlieues. Reutlinger/ S. Maurer/ O. Frey (Hg. (2001): Die Banlieue, eine ausgegrenzte Vorstadt? Download preview PDF. Its historic centre is located on the north side of the Old Harbour and was home to most commercial and craft activities until the 19th century, when the industrial harbour was constructed on the northern coast. This is a preview of subscription content. Electronic cigarette use among 14- to 17-year-olds in Europe, Abundance of undiagnosed cardiometabolic risk within the population of a long-stay prison in the UK, Migration or ethnic minority status and risk of autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability: systematic review, Association between early treatment hospitals, serum cholesterol level and cardiovascular disease risk in dyslipidemia patients, Comparison of physical activity levels in Spanish adults with chronic conditions before and during COVID-19 quarantine, About The European Journal of Public Health, About the European Public Health Association, http://www.recensement-2007.insee.fr/telechargement/documentation/doc_bases_infracommunales_2007.pdf, http://www.biostat.umn.edu/ftp/pub/2010/rr2010-002.pdf, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Is exposure to night-time traffic noise a risk factor for purchase of anxiolytic–hypnotic medication? Frey, O. Nikodem/ E. Schulze/ E. Yildiz (2001): Die multikulturelle Stadt. Positive autocorrelation in the residuals of this model (I = 0.33) justified the use of spatial models. Au Havre, comment la police cherche à sécuriser les quartiers sensibles - Ouest-France, Les «quartiers de reconquête républicaine» voient le jour, que sont ... - Le Figaro, Les futures gares au chevet des quartiers sensibles - Les Échos, Visite surprise de Macron dans deux quartiers sensibles de Cayenne - Le Monde, Compiègne : l'abstention a progressé dans les quartiers sensibles - Le Parisien. Effects of age on electrophysiological measures of cochlear synaptopathy in humans. Ottersbach/ E. Yildiz (Hg. Ottersbach, M. (2004a): Jugendliche in marginalisierten Quartieren. ): Ce que nous savons des jeunes. Abstract. 30, Heft 4, S. 431–448. It used the environmental noise prediction model CadnaA (Datakustik, Munich, Germany, version 4.0) to calculate acoustic propagation and noise levels in three-dimension. The formula had the same structure for night time (road PNEI_ Ln) but used the Ln instead of Lden. Dubet, F. (1987): La galère: jeunes en survie. Versatile live-cell activity analysis platform for characterization of neuronal dynamics at single-cell and network level. Notre équipe va quotidiennement décripter et sélectionner les informations les plus pertinentes. It follows that instead of using just one model that takes autocorrelation into account, as in the only study on noise inequalities that attempted to address this issue,16 several different models should be compared.17, We conducted an ecological geographical study at a small-area level to test the hypothesis of an inverse relation between road noise exposure and deprivation at the small-area level in Marseilles (southeastern France) while taking autocorrelation into account. Noise calculations applied the following data: annual average daily traffic, including information on traffic intensity, composition, type and speed limits. Jazouli, A. We did not collect individual data about social characteristics, noise exposure, living conditions or residential characteristics; social disparities exist in the measures individuals can afford to take to protect their homes against environmental noise (e.g. The only study that attempted to take spatial autocorrelation into account (as recommended for studying environmental inequalities) highlighted methodological difficulties and suggested that similar analyses be conducted in other settings with more advanced methods that would improve consideration of spatial autocorrelation. Spearman correlations between the deprivation index and the road PNEIs were positive and significant (for Lden and Ln, respectively: ρ = 0.31; P < 0.0001 and ρ = 0.32; P < 0.0001). In: Au cœur de la ville, en marge de la société, ces quartiers dont on parle. Since all of these are difficult to assess and could not be taken into account in the modelling, they could have induced substantial exposure error. Cite as. 10, S. 14–16. Regardless of the spatial model or matrix used, exposure levels were highest in the intermediate categories of deprivation; this robust finding, although similar to others in the field of noise, was nonetheless somewhat unexpected in light of the general literature on environmental inequalities. To better understand why the estimates of the regression coefficients shifted substantially between the spatial models and standard OLS, we calculated Spearman rank correlations between the spatially correlated errors of the models and the deprivation index, as suggested when the explanatory variable shows significant autocorrelation13 (See Supplementary Data, figures 1 and 2 for further details). En vous inscrivant, vous acceptez les termes et conditions de Bizzimmo.com. Moran’s index varies from −1 (negative autocorrelation, meaning that neighbouring census blocks have dissimilar values for the variable considered) to +1 (positive autocorrelation: similar values). Search for other works by this author on: We calculated an average indicator of potential road noise exposure (road PNEI) for the population residing in each census block; We first studied associations between each road PNEI (dependent variable) and the deprivation index (explanatory variable) with an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model: Socioeconomic status and health: the potential role of environmental risk exposure, Social inequality in perceived environmental exposures in relation to housing conditions in Germany, Neighbourhood deprivation and self-rated health: the role of perceptions of the neighbourhood and of housing problems, Les nuisances et les risques environnementaux, Rapport 2004 de l'Observatoire National des zones urbaines sensibles, On pardonne tout à son quartier sauf… l'insécurité, les dégradations, le bruit, Inégalités environnementales en régions Ile-de-France : le rôle structurant des facteurs négatifs de l'environnement et des choix politiques afférents, Environmental (in)equity in the Netherlands, A case study on the distribution of environmental quality in the Rijnmond region; 2004. Background: Few studies have focused on the social inequalities associated with environmental noise despite its significant potential health effects. To take autocorrelation into account in the case of lattice data (e.g. Part of Springer Nature. In: Projet urbain, Vol. Residents of the C3 deprivation class (and to some extent those of the C2 and C4 categories) live along the principal state highways in the eastern part of Marseilles, in areas where housing is dense and road PNEIs are the highest. 1 >> Toulouse : dans les quartiers sensibles, les habitants voudraient "une police à notre écoute" - ladepeche.fr . Paris. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. It is the smallest geographic unit in France for which demographic and socio-economic information is available from the national census.21 Marseilles comprises 392 census blocks; 54 with fewer than 250 inhabitants each in 2006 (2.9% of the total population) were excluded because INSEE reports reliability problems for the corresponding population census data. Luckmann (2004): Die gesellschaftliche Konstruktion der Wirklichkeit. First, our study was ecological. : 550012003/2004, Direct, indirect influences of income on road traffic noise annoyance, Exposure to environmental urban noise pollution in Birmingham, UK, Social inequalities in residential exposure to road traffic noise: an environmental justice analysis based on the RECORD Cohort Study, Environmental inequity in England: small area associations between socio-economic status and environmental pollution, The distribution of environmental risks. We observed a non-linear relation between the road PNEIs and the deprivation index at the census-block level in Marseilles: noise exposure levels were highest in the intermediate categories of this index. Kessl/S. Our study, applying recently recommended methodological approaches for dealing with autocorrelation, found social inequalities in potential residential exposure to road traffic noise in Marseilles (France), with exposure highest in areas of intermediate deprivation. Schütz (1979): Strukturen der Lebenswelt. Bukow, W.-D./C. Ottersbach, M. (2004b): Die Marginalisierung städtischer Quartiere in der metropolitanen Gesellschaft unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Migration. Finally, given the unequal population size of the census blocks, we performed population-weighted models for the OLS and ICAR models, which had minimal effect on our results (results available from the author on request). Frankfurt/ Main. Zwischen Ethnisierung und globaler Neuorientierung. Un exposé pour comprendre. Failure to take autocorrelation into account violates the hypotheses of independence that underlie the application of ordinary least square regression models and increases the risk of false-positive findings (type I error).17, Correction for autocorrelation might modify the relative size of regression coefficients corresponding to explanatory variables and their categories17–19 differently, depending on the specific spatial model used. Bachmann/Le Guennec 1996, S. This study analysed the associations between area socio-economic status (SES) and potential residential exposure to road traffic noise at a small-area level in Marseilles, second largest city in France. Other important input parameters include as follows: (i) propagation characteristics; (ii) geometry of buildings and roads; (iii) type of road surface; (iv) location of noise barriers; (v) topography; and (vi) meteorological factors. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Paris. (2002): Démolir des logements sociaux: du tabou au mot d’ordre. Paris. In: Kessl, F./Ch. It highlights the need to study the diversity of the patterns of environmental inequalities across various economic, social and cultural contexts. Die Ressourcen und Kompetenzen der jungen Bewohner/innen bleiben überwiegend außerhalb dieses Blickwinkels. Marseilles, located on the Mediterranean coast, is one of the oldest cities in Europe (founded in 600 BC). See Supplementary Data for a detailed presentation of the matrices, b: Regression coefficient (standard error), c: C1 is the least deprived category and was taken as a reference, Bold values: statistical significant associations (p < 0.05). Both the PNEIs and the deprivation index had significant and positive autocorrelation. Watch Queue Queue ): Handbuch Sozialraum. Similar results were observed for the road PNEI_Ln (see Supplementary figure S4 and Supplementary table S2). Avenel, C. (2004): Les jeunes des quartiers urbains dits «sensibles». The mean road PNEI_ Lden was highest for the intermediate categories of the deprivation index (C3 and C4, table 1). Regardless of the spatial model used, taking autocorrelation into account improved the model fit (lower AIC and residual autocorrelation) and reduced the coefficients, most notably in the SARerr model (table 1). Paris. (2007): Sozialintegrative Stadtpolitik in Frankreich als Antwort auf städtische Jugendgewalt. In: Les cahiers de profession banlieue. Yildiz: Migration in der metropolitanen Gesellschaft. The noise level of each building was also calculated by energy-averaging noise levels at each facade of the relevant building. ICAR modelling was performed with the SAS code provided by Rasmussen.29. ): Urbane Quartiere zwischen Zerfall und Erneuerung. Die Gewalt der Jeunes des Cités, der Jugendlichen in den französischen Vorstädten, wurde spätestens seit den ersten Unruhen in den Vororten Minguettes und Villeurbanne von Lyon im Jahr 1981 zu einer vielseitig diskutierten Thematik (vgl. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. 27-04-2020 vues : 130 Source : lunion.fr Catégorie : Reims - LIRE L'ARTICLE ORIGINAL SUR lunion.fr . Berthelot, J.-W./L. Villechaise-Dupont (2007): Sozialraum und Mobilisierung der Bewohner. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. participation in decision making, capacity to mount effective opposition) and ethnic discrimination.3 In particular, ethnic barriers and economic conditions probably play central roles in shaping the micro-level mobility dynamics underlying environmental inequalities.34 Our results should be viewed in the context of local history, urban design and land-use planning. This study analysed the associations between area socio-economic status (SES) and potential residential exposure to road traffic noise at a small-area level in Marseilles, second largest city in France. We built a deprivation index from census data to estimate SES at the census block level. Jaluzot/ J. Marillonnet/ H. Rey/ M. Vérone (1997): «La Cité des 4000 logements à la Courneuve». Paris. 2, Montreuil et La Courneuve. ): Jugend und Jugendpolitik in benachteiligten Stadtteilen in Europa. In: Ottersbach, M./E. Suivez les actualités de votre ville en 1 clic ! Loch, D. (2005): Jugendliche maghrebinischer Herkunft zwischen Stadtpolitik und Lebenswelt. Marseilles (852 395 inhabitants in 2007; 240.62 km2) is second only to Paris in size among French cities. Palomares, E./H. Some of these spatial models did not find significant differences in exposure between census blocks ranked in the lowest (C1) and the highest (C5) deprivation categories. 19f.). The results highlight the need for comparative studies of environmental inequalities across regions and countries. Liré : des jeunes de quartiers sensibles de Nantes sur les planches - actu.fr, Toulouse : dans les quartiers sensibles, les habitants voudraient "une police à notre écoute" - ladepeche.fr, Perpignan : scooters, motos, quads et autos délabrées saisis dans les quartiers sensibles - L'Indépendant, Quartiers sensibles : la tension monte, le business continue - Place Gre'net, À Strasbourg, les forces de l'ordre craignent une propagation des violences dans les quartiers sensibles - France Bleu, Nouveaux incidents dans des quartiers sensibles à Strasbourg, Belfort et Paris - Sud Ouest, Elections municipales: la menace de l'abstention dans les quartiers sensibles à Nantes - France Bleu, Perpignan. Bachmann, Ch./L. Aurélie Bocquier, Sébastien Cortaredona, Céline Boutin, Aude David, Alexis Bigot, Basile Chaix, Jean Gaudart, Pierre Verger, Small-area analysis of social inequalities in residential exposure to road traffic noise in Marseilles, France, European Journal of Public Health, Volume 23, Issue 4, August 2013, Pages 540–546, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cks059. Jeunes des quartiers populaires. The Lden is defined as the A-weighted equivalent continuous noise level (LAeq) over a 24-h period in which levels during the evening (18:00–22:00) and night (22:00–6:00) are increased by 5 dB(A) and 10 dB(A), respectively. (1992): Les Années Banlieues. Similarly, studies based on noise exposure modelling or indicators of proximity to noise sources (roads, railways and airports) report greater noise exposure among people of low SES2,9–11 or belonging to specific communities (black ethnic groups).12 Nonetheless, studies in the Netherlands and France report that environmental noise exposure levels are highest in advantaged neighbourhoods.9,10,13, Among these studies, only one attempted to take spatial autocorrelation (referred to hereafter as autocorrelation) into account13 as recommended for studying environmental inequalities.14,15 It refers to the non-independence of observations of neighbouring geographical areas.16 More intuitively, spatial autocorrelation can be loosely defined as the coincidence of value similarity with locational similarity.