Not knowing how long the war would last, the reverse centre medallion bears the dates 1914–1915, 1914–1916, 1914–1917 and finally 1914–1918. Croix de Guerre montées avec des fourragères miniatures (non-officiel): de gauche à droite Légion d'Honneur / Médaille Militaire / Croix de Guerre 1914-1918.
CROIX de GUERRE 14/18 : HISTORIQUE : Au début de la guerre de 1914-1918, le besoin s'est fait sentir de créer une récompense pour les combattants courageux qui obtenaient une citation. [1], On 23 December 1914, the French parliamentarian Georges Bonnefous proposed a legislative bill to create the Croix de la Valeur Militaire ("Cross of Military Valour") signed by 66 other parliamentarians. Croix de Guerre 14/18 Bénéficiaires Obtention Distinction Fourragère Cérémonial Particularités . Civilians and militarized personnel individually cited for a wartime act of gallantry; Automatically to soldiers and civilians not specifically cited for a Croix de guerre but awarded the Légion d'honneur or Médaille militaire for the highest acts of wartime valour and gazetted in the Official Journal of the French Republic; Collectively, to army units, ships or air squadrons; To cities and villages, martyrs of war, destroyed, ravaged or bombed by the enemy (2952 towns received the Croix de guerre 1914–1918, in this case, always awarded with palm). The decoration was awarded during World War I, again in World War II, and in other conflicts. [1], The cross is suspended by a ring through a suspension loop cast atop the upper cross arm. La croix de guerre 1914-1918 est une décoration militaire française attribuée pour récompenser l'octroi d'une citation par le commandement militaire pour conduite exceptionnelle au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale. It hangs from a 37 mm wide green silk moiré ribbon with seven narrow 1,5 mm wide vertical red stripes evenly spaced and two 1 mm red edge stripes.[2]. Only the Médaille Militaire and Legion of Honour were bestowed for courage in the field, due to the numbers now involved, a new decoration was required in earnest. The Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (English: War Cross) is a French military decoration, the first version of the Croix de guerre. Maurice Barrès, the noted writer and parliamentarian for Paris, gave Boëlle support in his efforts. The number of ribbon devices on a Croix de guerre is not limited, some awards, especially to ace fighter pilots, had extremely long ribbons with dozens of stars and palms.[1]. The Croix de guerre 1914-1918 was attributed to: Soldiers who were/are members of units recognized by a collective unit award of the Croix de guerre may wear the Fourragère of the Croix de guerre 1914-1918 as long as they remain members of that unit. Soon after the outbreak of World War I, French military officials felt that a new military award had to be created. The obverse centre medallion bears the relief image of the French Republic in the form of the bust of a young woman wearing a Phrygian cap surrounded by the circular relief inscription RÉPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE (FRENCH REPUBLIC). The Croix de Guerre is a military decoration of France. [1] Battle streamers in the colours of the Croix de guerre 1914-1918 are affixed to the colours of recipient units. Croix de guerre 1914 - 1918 Document créé par l'association du Mémorial des batailles de la Marne, Dormans (51700) Achetez en toute sécurité et au meilleur prix sur eBay, la livraison est rapide. Visitez eBay pour une grande sélection de croix de guerre 14 .18. Notable foreign recipients (partial list), Médaille nationale de reconnaissance aux victimes du terrorisme, 2nd Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa, Ribbons of the French military and civil awards, Croix de guerre des Théatres d'Opérations Exterieures, "Communes décorées de la Croix de guerre 1914-1918", Orders, decorations, and medals of France, Regional, departmental and municipal honour medal, Honour medal for civilian personnel of the Defense Ministry, Honour medal of Musical Societies and Choirs, Honour medal of the Judicial Protection of Youth, Honour medal for youth, sports and associative engagements, National Medal of Recognition for victims of terrorism, Croix de guerre des théâtres d'opérations extérieures, Cross of the resistance volunteer combatant, Commemorative medal of the 1859 Italian Campaign, Commemorative medal of the 1860 China Expedition, Commemorative medal of the Mexico Expedition, Tonkin Expedition commemorative medal (1885), Dahomey Expedition commemorative medal (1892), Madagascar Expeditions commemorative medal, China Expedition commemorative medal (1901), Medal for civilian prisoners, deportees and hostages of the 1914-1918 Great War, Commemorative medal for voluntary service in Free France, Medal for deportation and internment for acts of resistance, Political deportation and internment medal, United Nations operations in Korea commemorative medal, Middle East operations commemorative medal, North Africa Security and Order Operations Commemorative Medal, United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon medal, Medal for the Military Protection of the Territory, Order of Merit of Madagascar and dependencies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Croix_de_guerre_1914–1918_(France)&oldid=971256794, Military awards and decorations of France, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The lowest degree is represented by a bronze star and the highest degree is represented by a silver palm. The Croix de Guerre was also commonly bestowed on foreign military forces allied to France. Soldiers who actively took part as members of units during repeated feats of arms recognized by more than one collective award of the Croix de guerre may continue to wear the fourragère even after leaving the meritorious unit. The cross was worn with the appropriate attachments to signify the singular or multiple awards of the decoration. The lowest degree is represented by a bronze star and the highest degree is represented by a bronze palm. The Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (English: War Cross) is a French military decoration, the first version of the Croix de guerre. At the end of 1914, General Boëlle, Commandant in Chief of the French 4th Army Corps, tried to convince the French administration to create a formal military award. On 18 January 1915, Driant submitted this bill but the name of the military award was renamed to Croix de guerre ("War Cross"). Émile Driant, a parliamentarian who served in the war zone during much of this time, became its natural spokesman when he returned to the legislature. It was first created in 1915 and consists of a square-cross medal on two crossed swords, hanging from a ribbon with various degree pins. At that time, the Citation du jour ("Daily Citation") already existed to acknowledge soldiers, but it was just a sheet of paper. After parliamentary discussions, the bill was adopted on 2 April 1915.[1]. Ribbon devices indicate the importance or degree of the soldier's role during the action cited. It was created to recognize French and allied soldiers who were cited for valorous service during World War I, similar to the British mentioned in dispatches but with multiple degrees equivalent to other nations' decorations for courage. It is 37 mm wide, Florentine bronze cross pattée, with two crossed swords pointing up between the arms. Every Croix de guerre awarded carries at least one citation for gallantry or courage to a member of any rank of the French military or of an allied army. Staff Sergeant Henry James Brasier, Mons Star, DCM, MM, Lieutenant Charles B. Cleary is a member of Battery F, 7th Field Artillery, Corporal Henry John Kohn 6th Australian Infantry, This page was last edited on 5 August 2020, at 01:10. The cross was designed by the sculptor Paul-Albert Bartholomé.
It was created to recognize French and allied soldiers who were cited for valorous service during World War I, similar to the British mentioned in dispatches but with multiple degrees equivalent to other nations' decorations for courage. World War I began in 1914 and ended in 1918, so the final name adopted is "Croix de guerre 1914–1918". CROIX DE GUERRE 1914/1916-FOURRAGERE & 4 CITATIONS-TIRAILLEUR-SPAHI-ZOUAVE-14/18 The cross is only awarded once and subsequent actions worthy of citations will be limited to additional ribbon devices on the originally received insignia.