2016. Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City. (Q14069)Full Citation, Holtom, Paul and Irene Pavesi.2018.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer.’ The 2018 Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies,1 August. Firearms Division, Community Safety Bureau, National Police Agency, ‘Outline of National Criminal Offences Relating to Illicit SALW - Explosives Control Law.’. 13 June. (Q12)Full Citation, Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q19)Full Citation, United Nations.2017.‘Relevant Targets & Indicators.’ Sustainable Development Goal 16.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,6 July. There are tight gun laws, few gun owners, and even fewer gun deaths. Changes in the Number of Permissible Firearms and Swords (Heisei 23-27). Sometimes, police officers even go to the neighborhoods where a gun owner lives and interview neighbors to make sure the owner isn’t causing problems or having issues with his spouse. (Q82)Full Citation, UNODA.2018.‘PoA-ISS Country Profiles.’ UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System.New York, NY:United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs,23 July. Gun laws in Japan are some of the strictest in the entire world. Japan has a lot of their own unique problems too, and the small number of shootings is directly related to the difficulty in gun ownership. Take a firearm class and pass a written exam, which is held up to three times a year. ‘Trends in Small Arms Exports per Top Exporter and for All Exporters, as Reported to UN Comtrade, 2001-2012.’. The timeline covers the history of gunpowder from the first hints of its origin as a Taoist alchemical product in China until its replacement by smokeless powder in the late 19th century (from 1884 to the present day). (Q1)Full Citation, Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. 2019. 2021. ‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2006.’. Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers. Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business. (Q12101)Full Citation, Japan.2010.‘Three Principles on Arms Export.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,1 January. Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers. More likely, other elements like cultural values and norms, education or income levels explain why certain groups have lower rates of violence than others. The Japanese still have crime and suicides, it's not perfect, it's just that they don't have mass shootings because of their gun laws. (Q14056)Full Citation, Japan.2016.‘Seizure of Handguns.’ Provisional Drug and Firearm Situation in the First Half of 2016.Tokyo:National Police Agency,1 September. ‘So, America, This Is How Other Countries Do Gun Control.’, ‘Elusive Arsenals: Gang and Group Firearms.’. (Q13434)Full Citation, Karp, Aaron.2007.‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’ Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,27 August. (Q12070)Full Citation, Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi, and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2014.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. (Q1465)Full Citation, Japan.2014.‘Firearms and Swords Control Law, 1958.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. Picard, Michael, Paul Holtom and Fiona Mangan. Buy a gun. How to say gun in Japanese What's the Japanese word for gun? Getting a gun in Japan is really, really hard. (Q1688)Full Citation, Robin Ballantyne. (Q1300)Full Citation, Japan.2016.‘Manufacture.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. Alpers, Philip, Michael Picard and Dylan Hall. Then they have to pass a … Today. (Q4)Full Citation, van Dijk, Jan, John van Kesteren and Paul Smit.2007.‘Ownership of Firearms and Handguns in Countries and Main Cities (percentages): 1989-2005 ICVS and 2005 EU ICS.’ Criminal Victimisation in International Perspective: Key findings from the 2004-2005 ICVS and EU ICS.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime / UNODC,1 January. (Q2101)Full Citation, Japan.2002.‘Firearms Control in Japan 2002.’ No! words written by (Q166)Full Citation, Japan.2010.‘Cooperation with Civil Society and NGOs.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,1 January. Provisional Drug and Firearm Situation in the First Half of 2016. Obsessions. 3 September. (Q20)Full Citation, IANSA.2006.‘Reviewing Action on Small Arms 2006: Assessing the first five years of the UN Programme of Action.’ Biting the Bullet 'Red Book' 2006.New York, NY:International Action Network on Small Arms and the Biting the Bullet project,26 June. In Japan, you cannot buy a handgun, much less an assault rifle. (Q12166)Full Citation, Japan.2011.‘Handgun Seizures, 2009.’ National Police Agency: Crimes in Japan in 2009.Tokyo:Police Policy Research Center, National Police Academy,20 May. (Q2102)Full Citation, Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. ‘Japanese Man Arrested for Building Homemade Guns.’, ‘Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law, 1949.’, ‘National Reports on Small Arms Exports and Imports.’. 8. (N641) Full Citation, Japan.2014.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. Khakee, Anna, Pablo Dreyfus and Anne-Kathrin Glatz. Oxford University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, ‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2005.’, ‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2004.’, ‘Firearm Licensing: Permissive v Restrictive.’. (Q2105)Full Citation, GunPolicy.org.2016.‘Calculated Rates - Japan.’ Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base.Suitland, MD:US Census Bureau Population Division,19 August. 3. (Q2103)Full Citation, Japan.2010.‘Stockpile Management and Security.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,1 January. Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem. At the time, guns were still rather primitive and cumbersome. (Q8755)Full Citation, Cattaneo, Silvia and Sarah Parker.2008.‘Reporting, NPCs and NCAs, 2002 to 2008.’ Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008.Geneva:United Nations Development Programme,1 November. These sorts of laws are so dependent on a country’s history and culture that it’s not really something that you can just copy and paste law from place to place. (Q11069)Full Citation, Holtom, Paul, Irene Pavesi and Christelle Rigual.2014.‘Exporters of Small Arms Based on UN Comtrade, 2011.’ Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and Guns.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,16 June. United Nations Economic and Social Council / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (Q12108)Full Citation, Japan.2014.‘Confiscation, Seizure & Collection.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. (Q12103)Full Citation, Japan.2002.‘Firearms Control in Japan 2002.’ No! (Q12102)Full Citation, Japan.2014.‘Brokering.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. Things you cannot carry in Japan: Illegal Drugs. ‘Japanese Man Arrested for Building Homemade Guns.’ The Firearm Blog. How Do You Get a Gun in Japan? Eighth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2001-2002). (Q4248)Full Citation, GunPolicy.org. Historical Population Data - USCB International Data Base. SDG 16, For a profile of conflict in Japan, select the Link icon to open an external web page from the UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia at Uppsala University, In Japan, a unique identifying mark on each firearm is required by law, In Japan, the ballistic characteristics of each civilian firearm and its ammunition are not, To see where Japan ranks, select the Link icon to open an external web page at the Global Peace Index, and then click on Japan on the map or in the "Select Country" menu on the right of the web page. (Q6871)Full Citation, Lazarevic, Jasna.2012.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,27 August. Possession of guns or ammunition is illegal in Japan. In fact, even off-duty police officers are banned from carrying guns. So how do the Japanese do it? 14 March. (Q11041)Full Citation, Pavesi, Irene and Christelle Rigual.2013.‘Annexes 8.2: Major Importers.’ Small Arms Survey 2013: Everyday Dangers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,2 July. Contrary to Japan, there are still states in the US that do not require people to have a permit to get any firearm. (Q12100)Full Citation, Japan.2014.‘Ordnance Manufacturing Law, 1953.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. (Q3222)Full Citation, GDAV.2006.‘Geneva Declaration.’ Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.Geneva:Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development Secretariat,7 June. (N422) Full Citation, Japan.2001.‘Firearms Control in Japan.’ National Police Agency, Firearms Division.Tokyo:Firearms Division, Community Safety Bureau, National Police Agency,1 January. UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division, ‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms.’. In recent years, there have only been about a dozen deaths in Japan annually from firearms. I grabbed data from the Small Arms Survey, the CDC, and the UN, and graphed the numbers for the five countries who visit Tofugu the most. There was only one gun-related death in Japan in 2015. Implementing the United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Analysis of the National Reports submitted by States from 2002 to 2008. (Q13399)Full Citation, United Nations.1999.‘Analysis of Country Responses.’ United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.Vienna:UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division,30 August. (Q14071)Full Citation, United Nations.2018.‘National Customs Data on Small Arms Exports and Imports - Japan.’ UN Comtrade International Trade Statistics Database.New York NY:United Nations Statistics Division,1 January. Hashi. A Japanese man opening fire on a crowd of late-night revelers would not have been subdued by policemen so easily; he’d, of course, have been fired on himself. 2015. (Q13951)Full Citation, Picard, Michael, Paul Holtom and Fiona Mangan.2019.‘Annexe A1: Annual Authorized Small Arms and Light Weapons Exports by Major Exporter.’ Trade Update 2019: Transfers, Transparency, and South-east Asia Spotlight.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,12 December. (Q1467)Full Citation, Japan.2014.‘Customs Law, 1954.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. How Should the PoAIM Scores Be Interpreted?.’ The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 August. 20 June. 2016. ‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2009.’, ‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2008.’. UN small arms Programme of Action (UNPoA) - Implementation Support System. The Programme of Action Implementation Monitor (Phase 1): Assessing Reported Progress. Written test, only offered on certain dates. (Q290)Full Citation, Wassenaar Arrangement.1996.‘Introduction: Participating States.’ Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls and Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.Vienna:Wassenaar Secretariat,12 July. Even if you belong to that small portion of the population that can own a gun, there are a lot of restrictions, even if you’re dead. It’s a tense time in America. In order to buy a gun in Japan, first you have to submit all of your information and do background check. (Q13398)Full Citation, Japan.2016.‘Brokering.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. (Q11070)Full Citation, Rigual, Christelle.2015.‘Annexe 4.2: Major Importers.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (N691) Full Citation, Japan.2016.‘International Transfers.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. (Q12164)Full Citation, Krug, E G, K E Powell and L L Dahlberg.1998.‘Firearm-Related Deaths in the United States and 35 Other High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries.’ International Journal of Epidemiology.Atlanta:National Centre for Injury Prevention & Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention / CDC,16 April. (Q12168)Full Citation, Japan.2008.‘Handgun Seizures, 2003-2007.’ National Police Agency: Crimes in Japan in 2007.Tokyo:Police Policy Research Center, National Police Academy,8 October. (Q1683)Full Citation, Japan.2014.‘Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law, 1949.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. 1 December. Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers. (Q1297)Full Citation, Butchart, Alexander, Christopher Mikton and Etienne Krug.2014.‘Country Profile: Japan.’ Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014.Geneva:World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),10 December. (G14) Full Citation, Karp, Aaron.2018.‘Military Firearms Holdings, 2017.’ Estimating Global Military-Owned Firearms Numbers.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,18 June. (Q8485)Full Citation, Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Top Exporters and Importers of Small Arms and Light Weapons.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. (Q13420)Full Citation, Holtom, Paul and Christelle Rigual.2015.‘Trends in Small Arms Exports per Top Exporter and for All Exporters, as Reported to UN Comtrade, 2001-2012.’ Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press and the Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,1 June. ‘Ownership of Firearms and Handguns in Countries and Main Cities (percentages): 1989-2005 ICVS and 2005 EU ICS.’. Guns 2002.Tokyo:Firearms Division, National Police Agency,1 January. "We have a very different way of looking at guns in Japan than people in the United States," said Tsutomu Uchida, who runs the KanagawaOhi Shooting Range, an Olympic-style training center for rifle enthusiasts. For instance, Switzerland has one of the highest rates of gun ownership in the world, but still has a relatively low crime rate. After several mass shootings in the last year or so (including one not too far from Tofugu HQ), some people in the US have started looking into reforming our gun laws. ‘Yakuza 'All-out War' Triggers Apparent Surge in Gun Prices.’ Asahi Shimbun (Japan). Handguns and semi-automatic weapons are strictly forbidden. So, I decided to write short introductory article about gun ownership in Japan. Even if the Japanese approach isn’t something that everybody can adopt, it’s still an interesting example for the entire world to look at. (Q1681)Full Citation, Japan.2016.‘International Tracing.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. Japan, in the postwar period, has had gun regulation which is strict in principle. Here are the numbers: Obviously, the Japanese approach to gun law has worked well in Japan, but it’s not a strategy that would work everywhere in the world. (Q13355)Full Citation, UNODC.2013.‘Homicide in 207 Countries - Japan.’ Global Study on Homicide 2011: Trends, Context, Data.Vienna:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,26 June. (Q12109)Full Citation, Japan.2010.‘Marking, Record Keeping and Tracing.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,1 January. January 16, 2013 Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, ‘Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online.’. Stimulants, narcotics, and other illegal drugs are prohibited in Japan. ‘What do the PoAIM Scores Represent? Japan 1 Take a firearm class and pass a written exam, which is held up to three times a year. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, ‘United Nations Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition.’, ‘Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.’, ‘Findings - Table 3: Reporting States by Rank and Score.’. (Q2122)Full Citation, Parker, Sarah.2011.‘Balancing Act: Regulation of Civilian Firearm Possession.’ Small Arms Survey 2011: States of Security.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,6 July. Adopted in 2015, they outline a vision of development in which peace and security are an integral part. ‘Law Enforcement Firearms Holdings, 2017.’. (Q13382)Full Citation, Pavesi, Irene.2016.‘Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2016.’ Trade Update 2016: Transfers and Transparency.Geneva:Small Arms Survey, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva,6 June. • In one particular instance, a police officer who had committed suicide with his service weapon was posthumously charged with a crime. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Criminal Victimisation in International Perspective: Key findings from the 2004-2005 ICVS and EU ICS. (G93) Full Citation, UNCCPCJ / UNODC.1991.‘Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.’ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.Vienna:United Nations Economic and Social Council / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,1 January. 2:59. (Q7162)Full Citation, UNODA.2013.‘Towards Entry Into Force.’ Arms Trade Treaty.New York, NY:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs,2 April. (Q1678)Full Citation, Japan.2016.‘Stockpile Management.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. (Q1302)Full Citation, Jackson, Thomas.2005.‘Global Gun Deaths.’ NISAT Firearm Mortality Database 2005.Oslo:Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers,1 January. (Q12112)Full Citation, Japan.2010.‘Disposal.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York, NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,1 January. Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014. The 2018 Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer. (Q12163)Full Citation, Kenji Ogata. (Q14093)Full Citation, Japan.2016.‘Collection.’ National Report of Japan on its Implementation of the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (UNPoA).New York NY:Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations,10 March. Basically, any sort of interaction with guns is illegal in Japan, unless you’re licensed, or with the police or military. ‘Penalty for Unlawful Firearm Possession.’ Definition and Selection Criteria.Sydney School of Public Health, 22 January.
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