Il y a une semaine, le prototype SN11 du Starship de SpaceX a pris son envol depuis le site de Boca Chica, dans le Texas (États-Unis). The engine is powered by cryogenic liquid methane and liquid oxygen (LOX), rather than the RP-1 kerosene and LOX used in SpaceX's prior Merlin and Kestrel rocket engines. That, combined with the Starship’s entirely-reusable design and style, implies people can journey to Mars, harvest the … Re: Le moteur-fusée Raptor de SpaceX Sam 7 Mar 2020 - 11:19 Et puis musk, veut surtout créer la "machine" qui produit les raptors et les starships … October 2013 was the first time SpaceX disclosed a nominal design thrust of the Raptor engine—2,900 kN (661,000 lbf)[16]—although early in 2014 they announced a Raptor engine with greater thrust, and in 2015, one with lower thrust that might better optimize thrust-to-weight. I think we can get propellant cost down to ~$100/ton in volume, so ~$500k/flight. Motorun en son itki ve Isp değerleri, SpaceX motoru çok-yıllık geliştirme döngüsünden geçirirken, önemli ölçüde değişecektir. [45] He further indicated that the Raptor concept would now become a methane-based design,[45] and that methane would be the fuel of choice for SpaceX's plans for Mars colonization. [18][19], The Raptor engine is powered by subcooled liquid methane and subcooled liquid oxygen in a full-flow staged combustion cycle, a departure from the simpler "open-cycle" gas generator system and LOX/kerosene propellants that current Merlin engines use. Prior to 2014, only two full-flow staged-combustion rocket engines had ever progressed sufficiently to be tested on test stands: the Soviet RD-270 project in the 1960s and the Aerojet Rocketdyne Integrated Powerhead Demonstrator in the mid-2000s. [50], The earliest public hints that a staged-combustion methane engine was under consideration at SpaceX were given in May 2011 when SpaceX asked if the Air Force was interested in a methane-fueled engine as an option to compete with the mainline kerosene-fueled engine that had been requested in the USAF Reusable Booster System High Thrust Main Engine solicitation. SpaceX travaille depuis 2011 à la conception d'un nouveau moteur baptisé Raptor. [76] The flight engine is designed for extreme reliability, aiming to support the airline-level of safety required by the point-to-point Earth transportation market. [31], The Raptor engine uses a large number of coaxial swirl injectors[32] to admit propellants to the combustion chamber, rather than pintle injectors used on the previous Merlin rocket engines that SpaceX mass-produced for its Falcon family of launch vehicles. He also disclosed that it used multi-stage turbopumps. Elon Musk ayrıca Raptor kod adlı motor tasarımının artık metan-yakıtına-dayalı bir tasarım olacağını,[5] ve metan'ın SpaceX'in gelecekteki Mars'ın kolonileştirilmesi görevlerinde yakıt olarak kullanılacağını belirtmiştir. Une première mise à feu tonitruante C'est le tout premier test grandeur nature pour le moteur Raptor. Raptor is a family of full-flow staged combustion cycle rocket engines developed and manufactured by SpaceX, for use on the in-development Starship fully reusable launch vehicle. The SN9 vehicle was destroyed in landing. [9], 2012 Ekim ayında SpaceX, Merlin 1 dizisi motorlardan birkaç kat daha kuvvetli olacak ancak Merlin'in RP-1 yakıtını kullanmayacak bir roket motoru üzerinde tasarımsal çalışmanın başladığını duyurdu ancak ne tür bir yakıt kullanılacağını belirtmeyi reddetti. Looks like a little over 230 metric tons (~500 klbf) of thrust per engine, but we will have a lot of them :)", "Battle of the Heavyweight Rockets -- SLS could face Exploration Class rival", "ULA To Invest in Blue Origin Engine as RD-180 Replacement", "SpaceX to test methane rocket engine in Miss", "NASA Moving Forward on Test Stand Upgrades for SLS Core Stage Testing", GPU'lar Mars'a: SpaceX'in Mars Roket Motorunun tam ölçekli benzetimi (simülasyon), https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raptor_(roket_motoru)&oldid=24536395, Yinelenen şablon değişkenleri kullanan sayfalar, URL adresi olmayan erişimtarihli kaynak kullanan sayfalar, Kırmızı bağlantıya sahip ana madde şablonu içeren maddeler, Creative Commons Atıf-BenzerPaylaşım Lisansı, Methane/LOX Oksijen bakımından zengin aşamalı-yanma, RP-1/LOX Oksijen bakımından zengin aşamalı-yanma, geleneksel motor tasarımlarında muhtemel arıza noktası olan, yakıt-oksitleyici türbinindeki. [66] The engine had 1 MN (220,000 lbf) thrust, which makes it approximately one-third the size of the full-scale Raptor engine planned for flight tests in 2019/2020 timeframe. SpaceX buradaki test altyapısına, sıvı metan motorunun test edilebilmesi için, yeni donanım eklemiştir. The development Raptor engine discussed in the October 2013 time frame relative to Stennis testing was designed to generate more than 2,900 kN (661,000 lbf) vacuum thrust. - Afternoon session - Part 2: SpaceX", "SpaceX aims big with massive new rocket", "In-Situ Resource Utilization - Mars Atmosphere/Gas Chemical Processing", "Comparative study of ISRU-based transportation architectures for the Moon and Mars: LOX/LH2 vs. LOX/Methane", "SpaceX's Mars rocket to be methane-fuelled", "NASA Stennis Space Center to Test SpaceX Next Generation Rocket Engines Systems", "Cochran: Space-X Decision Bodes Well for Job Growth in South Mississippi", "SpaceX to Conduct Raptor Engine Testing in Mississippi", "NASA, SpaceX Cut Ribbon To Launch Testing Partnership", "SpaceX propulsion chief elevates crowd in Santa Barbara", "Thrust to weight is optimizing for a surprisingly low thrust level, even when accounting for the added mass of plumbing and structure for many engines. [22], By September 2017, the development Raptor engine—with 200 bars (20 MPa; 2,900 psi) chamber pressure—had undergone 1200 seconds of test fire testing in ground-test stands across 42 main engine tests, with the longest test being 100 seconds (which is limited by the capacity of the ground-test propellant tanks). Raptor je dosud nejsilnějším motorem SpaceX s tahem kolem 2 MN, což je zhruba 2,5krát více než Merlin 1D. [69][70][71] When asked if the nozzle diameter for such version was 14 ft (4.3 m), he stated that it was pretty close to that dimension. No upper stage vehicle design/redesign was funded by the contract. After shutting down all engines at apogee, the vehicle transitioned into a horizontal flight profile and descended back down to the launch site. C’est Elon Musk qui a annoncé cette nouvelle sur Twitter, en ajoutant qu’il était fier du travail remarquable de son équipe. Both streams—oxidizer and fuel—will be mixed completely in the gas phase before they enter the combustion chamber. SpaceX'in Merlin motorunda olduğu gibi, Raptor roket motorunun da bir vakum uyarlaması planlanmıştır. [78] ", "ULA To Invest in Blue Origin Engine as RD-180 Replacement", SpaceX Raptor Engine Test on 25 September 2016, GPUs to Mars: Full-scale Simulation of SpaceX's Mars Rocket Engine, Commercial Orbital Transportation Services, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SpaceX_Raptor&oldid=1021815453, Rocket engines using full flow staged combustion cycle, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2011, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2019, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 880–2,210 kN; 200,000–500,000 lbf (90–225. [99], In January 2016, the United States Air Force (USAF) awarded a US$33.6 million development contract to SpaceX to develop a prototype version of its methane-fueled reusable Raptor engine for use on the upper stage of the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles. [1] Daha önce verilen bilgilere göre tasarımdaki Isp vakum koşulları altında sadece 363 saniye idi. [2], SpaceX'te metan yakıtlı aşamalı-yanma motorunun geliştirilmesinin ciddi bir şekilde düşünüldüğünün ilk ipuçları 2011 Mayıs ayında ortaya çıkmıştı.SpaceX ABD Hava Kuvvetlerine, USAF Tekrar-kullanılabilir Hızlandırıcı Sistemi Yüksek İtki Ana Motoru talebinde istenen kerosen-yakıtlı motor ile rekabet edebilecek bir metan-yakıtlı motor ile ilgilenip ilgilenmediklerini sormuştur. [25] The use of subcooled propellants increases propellant density, increasing engine performance and allowing more propellant to be stored within the vehicle's tanks. [52], In October 2013, SpaceX announced that they would be performing methane engine tests of Raptor engine components at the John C. Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Mississippi,[53][54] and that SpaceX would add equipment to the existing test stand infrastructure in order to support liquid methane and hot gaseous methane[22] engine component testing. [38] Neither the Air Force nor SpaceX subsequently published any results of this non-Starship oriented rocket engine contract. [48], When first mentioned by SpaceX in 2009, the term "Raptor" was applied exclusively to an upper-stage engine concept[40]—and 2012 pronouncements indicated that it was then still a concept for an upper stage engine[20]—but in early 2014 SpaceX confirmed that Raptor would be used both on a new second stage, as well as for the large (then, nominally a 10-meter-diameter) core of the Mars Colonial Transporter[29] (subsequently, in 2016, on both stages of the Interplanetary Transport System[49] and then, in 2017 on the Big Falcon Rocket). [22] [75], By September 2017, the 200 bars (20 MPa; 2,900 psi) sub-scale test engine, with a thrust of 1 meganewton (220,000 lbf) and "a new alloy to help its oxygen-rich turbopump resist oxidization, ... had completed 1200 seconds of firings across 42 tests. [38] The Air Force was working with the US Congress in February 2016 to pursue new launch systems.."[104], In October 2017 the US Air Force (USAF) awarded a US$40.8 million modification for the development of the Raptor engine prototype for the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle program, with work under that contract expected to be completed by April 2018. [78], In the BFR update given in September 2018, Musk showed video of a 71-second hot fire test of a Raptor engine, and stated that "this is the Raptor engine that will power BFR, both the ship and the booster; it's the same engine. If you had it at a high expansion ratio, has the potential to have a specific impulse of 380. Le PDG de SpaceX a partagé des images de la mise à feu du moteur Raptor, dernier né de l’entreprise de construction astronautique et spatiale, avec sa communauté sur les réseaux sociaux. [16] According to CEO Elon Musk, SpaceX’s Starship and Super Heavy rockets are about to get a new test stand that will enable additional and more useful static fire tests of their Raptor engines. [2], 2015 Ocak ayında, Elon Musk hedefledikleri itki miktarının 2300 kN (230 ton-kuvvet) olduğunu bildirmiştir ki bu daha önce belirtilen daha azdı. Le Raptor est un moteur-fusée alimenté par du méthane liquide [1] et de l'oxygène liquide (LOX) [2], développé et fabriqué par SpaceX.Il équipe les étages inférieurs et supérieurs du lanceur super-lourd Starship construit par SpaceX. Hem oksitleyici akışı hem de yakıt akışı, yanma odasına girmeden önce tamamen gaz fazındadır. The USAF contract called only for the development and build of a single prototype engine with a series of ground tests, with no upper stage launch vehicle design funded by the contract. [25], Raptor motoruna güç, sıvı metan ve sıvı oksijen karışımı ile daha verimli aşamalı yanma döngüsü kullanılarak sağlanacaktır,[16] bu da, Merlin motorlarının kullandığı 'açık döngülü' Gaz-üreteci sisteminden ve LOX/kerosen itki üreten yakıtlarından vazgeçildiğini göstermektedir. [85] On 19 June 2020, Musk announced that the Raptor engine tests achieved the expected chamber combustion pressure of 300 bars (30 MPa) on a test stand. SN40 is about to be tested & has several upgrades over 330 bar engine. Pour réaliser cet exploit, le constructeur américain a développé le moteur «le plus complexe que l’on puisse imaginer». The engine began testing in September 2016 on the Raptor test stand at McGregor. [16] However, in March 2014 SpaceX COO Gwynne Shotwell clarified that the focus of the new engine development program is exclusively on the full-size Raptor engine; smaller subscale methalox engines were not planned on the development path to the very large Raptor engine. [37] Raptor is a family of full-flow staged combustion cycle rocket engines developed and manufactured by SpaceX, for use on the in-development Starship fully reusable launch vehicle. BFR was then slated to have 31 Raptors on the first stage and 6 on the second stage. On 10 February 2019, Musk announced on Twitter that the flight version engine had attained a chamber pressure of 268.9 bars (26.89 MPa) on a test stand. [21] It is the first full-flow staged-combustion methalox engine ever to reach a test stand. [39], Diğer motor tasarımlarıyla karşılaştırılması, Amerikan Havacılık ve Uzay bilimi Enstitüsü, Yörüngesel roket motorlarının karşılaştırılması, "SpaceX advances drive for Mars rocket via Raptor power", http://spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=47400, "Musk goes for methane-burning reusable rockets as step to colonise Mars", "SpaceX Could Begin Testing Methane-fueled Engine at Stennis Next Year", "Notes: Space Access'11: Thurs. [4] This achievement surpassed the 300 bar (30,000 kPa) record set by the RD-701 engine and set a new record for the highest pressure ever reached in a rocket engine combustion chamber. Reaching chamber pressure of 300 atmospheres, "Starship Users Guide, Revision 1.0, March 2020", "What to expect from Elon Musk's Mars colonization update this week", "The Moon, Mars, & around the Earth – Musk updates BFR architecture, plans", "SpaceX Could Begin Testing Methane-fueled Engine at Stennis Next Year", "Starhopper successfully conducts debut Boca Chica Hop", "News SpaceX crushes rocket engine world record during Raptor test", "SpaceX Tests Highest Pressure Rocket Engine In History", "SpaceX's Mars rocket to be methane-fuelled", "ITS Propulsion – The evolution of the SpaceX Raptor engine", "Battle of the Heavyweight Rockets -- SLS could face Exploration Class rival", "SpaceX scrubs Starhopper's final Raptor-powered flight as Elon Musk talks 'finicky' igniters", "Statement of Gwynne Shotwell, President & Chief Operating Officer, Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX)", "The "impossible" tech behind SpaceX's new engine", "SpaceX advances drive for Mars rocket via Raptor power", "The wild physics of Elon Musk's methane-guzzling super-rocket", Characteristics of Gas-Centered Swirl-Coaxial Injector with Liquid Flow Excitation, "Raptor uses a large number of coaxial swirl injectors, which (we believe) achieves highest theoretical mixing/combustion efficiency", "Raptor cost is tracking to well under $1M for V1.0. As of September 2017[update], the first version of the flight engine is intended to operate at a chamber pressure of 250 bars (25 MPa; 3,600 psi), with the intent to raise it to 300 bars (30 MPa; 4,400 psi) at a later time. [43], In October 2012, SpaceX publicly announced concept work on a rocket engine that would be "several times as powerful as the Merlin 1 series of engines, and won't use Merlin's RP-1 fuel", but declined to specify which fuel would be used. 2014 öncesine kadar , sadece 2 adet tam-akışlı aşamalı yanma döngülü roket motoru rampada test edilebilmeye yetecek kadar ilerleme sağlamıştı: 1960'lardaki Sovyet RD-270 projesi ve 2000'lerin ortalarındaki Aerojet Rocketdyne Integrated powerhead ispat (demonstration) projesi.
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