In 2012, c't magazine measured almost 5000 MB/s throughput with LIO SRP Target over one Mellanox ConnectX-3 port in 56 Gbit/s FDR mode on a Sandy Bridge PCI Express 3.0 system with four Fusion-IO ioDrive PCI Express flash memory cards. [29], The Asiatic lion is genetically closer to North and West African lions than to the group comprising East and Southern African lions. The LIO iSCSI fabric module also implements a number of advanced iSCSI features that increase performance and resiliency, such as Multiple Connections per Session (MC/S) and Error Recovery Levels 0-2 (ERL=0,1,2). Some individuals consistently lead the defence against intruders, while others lag behind. [115], Lions typically consume prey at the location of the hunt but sometimes drag large prey into cover. The Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) fabric module allows the transport of Fibre Channel protocol (FCP) traffic across lossless Ethernet networks. When a new male lion takes over a pride, adolescents both male and female may be evicted. [61] It starts growing when lions are about a year old. [3][24], Fossil remains of Panthera spelaea excavated in the Cromer Stage indicate that it represented a genetically isolated and highly distinct lineage, not closely related to Asiatic lions. Historically, it inhabited much of Western Asia and the Middle East up to northern India. [36] [149], When one or more new males oust the previous males associated with a pride, the victors often kill any existing young cubs, perhaps because females do not become fertile and receptive until their cubs mature or die. The most important backstore media types are: As a result, LIO provides a generalized model to export block storage.

[4] Various studies reveal tremendous habitat recovery and increases in wild ungulate populations following the Maldhari resettlement during the last four decades. [87], The Asiatic lion International Studbook was initiated in 1977, followed in 1983 by the North American Species Survival Plan (SSP). [262] Lion symbolism was used from the advent of cinema; one of the most iconic and widely recognised lions is Leo, which has been the mascot for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios since the 1920s. Such measures contribute to mitigating human–lion conflict. [208] In England, although the seraglio tradition was less developed, lions were kept at the Tower of London in a seraglio established by King John in the 13th century;[209][210] this was probably stocked with animals from an earlier menagerie started in 1125 by Henry I at his hunting lodge in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, where according to William of Malmesbury lions had been stocked. Males tend to rub other males, while cubs and females rub females. The now-iconic lion tamer's chair was possibly first used by American Clyde Beatty (1903–1965). The SCSI target engine implements the semantics of a SCSI target.[11]. One well-publicised case is the Tsavo maneaters; in 1898, 28 officially recorded railway workers building the Kenya-Uganda Railway were taken by lions over nine months during the construction of a bridge in Kenya. One of the most widely recognised animal symbols in human culture, the lion has been extensively depicted in sculptures and paintings, on national flags, and in contemporary films and literature. Some females, however, take a role raising cubs that may be left alone for extended periods. Groups of male lions are called "coalitions". [47] It appeared as a symbol for strength and nobility in cultures across Europe, Asia and Africa, despite incidents of attacks on people. [156] Crippled lions and cubs may fall victim to hyenas and leopards or be trampled by buffalo or elephants. Male Asiatic lions are solitary or associate with up to three males, forming a loose pride while females associate with up to 12 other females, forming a stronger pride together with their cubs. [171], Lions have an array of facial expressions and body postures that serve as visual gestures. They are associated with the Egyptian deity Sekhmet and date to the early Iron Age between the 9th and 6th centuries BC. [7] The manes of most lions in ancient Greece and Asia Minor were also less developed and did not extend to below the belly, sides or ulnas. Population densities of wild dogs are low in areas where lions are more abundant.

Taxonomy. [238] The founder of the Waalo kingdom is said to have been raised by lions and returned to his people part-lion to unite them using the knowledge he learned from the lions. [201] The practice began in the early 19th century by Frenchman Henri Martin and American Isaac Van Amburgh, who both toured widely and whose techniques were copied by a number of followers. 118.37–143.52 kg (261.0–316.4 lb) in Southern Africa. Cases in Lindi in which lions seize humans from the centres of substantial villages have been documented. [211], Lions were kept in cramped and squalid conditions at London Zoo until a larger lion house with roomier cages was built in the 1870s. [9] The drier eastern part is vegetated with acacia thorn savanna and receives about 650 mm (26 in) annual rainfall; rainfall in the west is higher at about 1,000 mm (39 in) per year. This was the second attack by a lion in this area, six months after a 25-year-old man was attacked and killed in Dhodadar. Aggression between partners increases when coalitions are large, but kills are small.

At least 563 villagers were attacked and many eaten over this period.

Mane colour varies and darkens with age; research shows its colour and size are influenced by environmental factors such as average ambient temperature. [15] By 2015, the population had grown to 523 individuals inhabiting an area of 7,000 km2 (2,700 sq mi) in Saurashtra. The iSCSI fabric module was released with Linux 3.1 on October 24, 2011.[23]. On Mount Elgon, the lion has been recorded up to an elevation of 3,600 m (11,800 ft) and close to the snow line on Mount Kenya. They are performed at Chinese New Year, the August Moon Festival and other celebratory occasions for good luck. The specification, supported by a large number of network and storage vendors, is part of the Technical Committee T11 FC-BB-5 standard. Lio est le premier album studio de la chanteuse Lio sorti en 1980. Networks supporting remote direct memory access (RDMA) can use the iSCSI Extensions for RDMA (iSER) fabric module to transport iSCSI traffic. This location is about 60–70 km (37–43 mi) from Gir Forest,[44][45] making the district the fifth in Gujarat to have wild lions. [111], Lions are not particularly known for their stamina; for instance, a lioness' heart comprises only 0.57% of her body weight and a male's is about 0.45% of his body weight, whereas a hyena's heart comprises almost 1% of its body weight. [73] The Asiatic lion now survives only in and around Gir National Park in Gujarat, western India. With a typical head-to-body length of 184–208 cm (72–82 in) they are larger than females at 160–184 cm (63–72 in). Population of Asiatic Lions up by 29%", "Divided infraorbital foramen in the lion (, "A second extinct big cat from the late Quaternary of Sri Lanka", "The origin, current diversity and future conservation of the modern lion (, "Genetic diversity, evolutionary history and implications for conservation of the lion (, "Phylogeographic patterns in Africa and High Resolution Delineation of genetic clades in the Lion (, "Biochemical genetic variation in geographic isolates of African and Asiatic lions", "Evidence for African origins of founders of the Asiatic lion Species Survival Plan", 10.1644/1545-1410(2005)762[0001:PL]2.0.CO;2, "The past and present distribution of the lion in south eastern Asia", "The Asiatic Lion and the Maldharis of Gir Forest", "Two Asiatic lions spotted in Gundala-Jas village in Rajkot", "Night vision camera clicks photos of 'two male' lions killing a buffalo calf in a village near Chotila in Gujarat", "Lions spotted near Chotila, 100 km from Gir Sanctuary", "Pride of Gujarat hunting for new habitats, two lions seen near Chotila", "Two lions captured by cameras near Chotila", "Selfish partners: resource partitioning in male coalitions of Asiatic lions", "Did The Failure To Set Up A 'Second Home' For In Madhya Pradesh Cause Lion Deaths In Gir? [21], In zoos, lions have been bred with tigers to create hybrids for the curiosity of visitors or for scientific purpose. [75][76][77], In southern Europe and Asia, the lion once ranged in regions where climatic conditions supported an abundance of prey.

They spend an average of two hours a day walking and 50 minutes eating.

[1] The lion (Panthera leo) is a species in the family Felidae and a member of the genus Panthera.

[2][15][16] In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the Cat Specialist Group revised lion taxonomy, and recognises two subspecies based on results of several phylogeographic studies on lion evolution, namely:[17], Lion samples from some parts of the Ethiopian Highlands cluster genetically with those from Cameroon and Chad, while lions from other areas of Ethiopia cluster with samples from East Africa. [114] The lion's attack is short and powerful; they attempt to catch prey with a fast rush and final leap. Genetic evidence revealed numerous mutations in lion samples from East and Southern Africa, which indicates that this group has a longer evolutionary history than genetically less diverse lion samples from Asia and West and Central Africa. [60] However, there is evidence of lion predation on mugger crocodiles on the banks of the Kamleshwar Dam (built on Hiran River) during dry, hot months. Older females selected males at the periphery of their home ranges. [177] Estimates of the African lion population range between 16,500 and 47,000 living in the wild in 2002–2004. Other benefits include possible kin selection; sharing food within the family; protecting the young, maintaining territory and individual insurance against injury and hunger. Cultural depictions of lions were prominent in the Upper Paleolithic period; carvings and paintings from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves in France have been dated to 17,000 years ago, and depictions have occurred in virtually all ancient and medieval cultures that coincided with the lion's former and current ranges. [145], Usually, the mother does not integrate herself and her cubs back into the pride until the cubs are six to eight weeks old. [35], Estimates for the divergence time of the modern and cave lion lineages range from 529,000 to 392,000 years ago based on mutation rate per generation time of the modern lion. Deraniyagala described this lion in 1939 that was distinct from today's lion. [250] The lion is also symbolic for the Sinhalese people;[251] the term derived from the Sanskrit Sinhala, meaning "of lions"[252] while a sword-wielding lion is the central figure on the national flag of Sri Lanka. The strategies seek to maintain suitable habitat, ensure a sufficient wild prey base for lions, reduce factors that lead to further fragmentation of populations, and make lion–human coexistence sustainable. [182] In 2015, an adult male lion and a female lion were sighted in Ghana's Mole National Park. As of now, the plan to shift lions to Kuno is in jeopardy, with Madhya Pradesh having apparently given up on acquiring lions from Gujarat.