$209,000 Singapore Alistratova has also dedicated herself to establishing an informal referral framework for local authorities, teachers, social service providers, and NGOs to provide legal, psychological, and other critical support to vulnerable women and their children. Mary C. Ellison Otiende was responsible for setting up the structures and systems for the first shelter exclusively for victims of trafficking in Kenya and led the development of regional principles of practice for assisting victims of trafficking. The report is designed to spotlight examples of government and societal action that typify and illuminate issues reported in each country. The government of the country should prohibit severe forms of trafficking in persons and punish acts of such trafficking. Honduras While the term “substance use disorder” may carry less stigma, the term “addiction” is used, not pejoratively, in legal and criminal justice cases and by medical experts to describe this complex condition. Click a region to narrow the list. As this 20th anniversary report is released, we and our allies and partners find ourselves confronting a crisis that has reached previously unimagined proportions. Belgium Samantha Novick Although definitions vary, the most common meaning of trauma bonding is when a trafficker uses rewards and punishments within cycles of abuse to foster a powerful emotional connection with the victim. Many of these families will do whatever it takes to meet the agent’s price. I am grateful to State Department officers around the world, ambassadors, and the Secretary for prioritizing the production of this report. Elena’s boyfriend lured her across Canada and forced her to engage in commercial sex. Peacekeeping Operations Benin Because there are no consistent criteria for identifying trauma bonding, the label should be used carefully until clear criteria are established. Steven Davis To mitigate some of these consequences, FIFA established a task force to recommend regulatory changes for intermediaries, including a potential return to a central licensing system through FIFA and creation of a clearing house to process payments associated with player transfers, such as agent commissions. GO virtual is operated and maintained by the U.S. Department of State. The principal became suspicious and asked Mary’s mother to come to the school for a parent-teacher meeting, during which she reported that Mary had returned home, but she did not know where Mary had been. Health, Education, Advocacy, Linkage (HEAL) Trafficking, together with the Laboratory to Combat Human Trafficking, developed a tool for medical providers to assess the comprehensiveness of training programs and identify areas of improvement. Global Overview includes an overarching summary and key information from the year's report.. Section 5. Jocelyn Harrison Peru Indicia of “Serious and Sustained Efforts”, a)  domestic civil society organizations, private sector entities, or international nongovernmental organizations, or into multilateral or regional arrangements or agreements, to assist the government’s efforts to prevent trafficking, protect victims, and punish traffickers; or. For the athletes who have dedicated their lives to sign a contract, the fear of losing the opportunity by questioning the terms of that contract or their so-called agent can be insurmountable. One pressing need is for governments to end the practice of state-sponsored forced labor. Forbidden from leaving his work site, Madhu had no choice but to work 12-hour shifts packaging chemicals under hazardous conditions. While the factory owners paid Madhu a small daily salary, they physically threatened him, forced him to work when ill, and restricted all his movements for four years. Alistratova later adapted Interaction to serve not only victims of trafficking but also victims of domestic violence. T’ruah is a nonprofit organization bringing together more than 2,000 rabbis and cantors, together with all members of the Jewish community, to act on the Jewish imperative to respect and protect the human rights of all people. The 2020 TIP Report covers government efforts undertaken from April 1, 2019 through March 31, 2020. Health care professionals can coordinate efforts to identify victims and survivors who are vulnerable to substance use, or present with substance use issues. No tier ranking is permanent. In 2017, media alleged peacekeepers exploited nine Haitian children in a sex trafficking ring. Finally, another 2019 amendment to the TVPA limits a country to one year on the Tier 2 Watch List after that country received a waiver to stay on the Watch List and was subsequently downgraded to Tier 3. Some perpetrators may access children through relationships to families overseas, and others use the appearance of being in a position of trust to gain unsupervised access to children. The purpose of the Network is to engage experts, particularly those with lived experience, to provide expertise and input on Department of State anti-trafficking policies, strategies, and products related to human trafficking, both in the United States and abroad. Needing money to help purchase a home and start a family, Kim’s parents accepted a small loan from the owner of the brick kiln where they worked. The CSPA, as amended, prohibits assistance to governments that are identified in the list under the following authorities: International Military Education and Training, Foreign Military Financing, Excess Defense Articles, and Peacekeeping Operations, with exceptions for some programs undertaken pursuant to the Peacekeeping Operations authority. Marshall Islands In addition, the President may determine to withhold funding for government official or employee participation in educational and cultural exchange programs in the case of certain Tier 3 countries. People with substance use issues are especially vulnerable to trauma and victimization by human traffickers. The danger of retraumatization as a trigger during early recovery can precipitate a survivor’s re-exploitation. Marcus Littman The clinic recognizes that human trafficking can be both a physical and psychological trauma, and it seeks to reduce the risk of retraumatization by minimizing waiting times (especially in waiting rooms with strangers), having a single site of care across all specialists, and taking a single health history. In addition, the report would be the first of its kind to rank countries publicly on their efforts to combat human trafficking, a crime newly denounced by the international community. efforts, however laudable, undertaken exclusively by nongovernmental actors in the country; general public awareness events—government-sponsored or otherwise—lacking concrete ties to the prosecution of traffickers, protection of victims, or prevention of trafficking; and. Lucia Gallegos There men beat and tortured Huy; when he tried to escape, a guard poured boiling water over his chest and arms. Repeated trauma exposure can negatively affect brain development and the way a person thinks, often resulting in a victim becoming numb and disconnected from themselves. In 2015 and 2016, the UN and NGOs reported peacekeepers from 10 countries coerced internally displaced persons into sex in exchange for food and necessities while participating in the UN peacekeeping force in Central African Republic (CAR). Page 5: Paula Bronstein During a single incident of trauma, the limbic system, the brain’s emotion center, over-activates and the prefrontal cortex, the brain’s logic center, shuts down. Fiji Italy He forced her to do so through threats, physical violence, and destroying her personal property. Staff serving as victim rights advocates are now posted in high-risk peacekeeping operations to provide victims with adequate protection, appropriate assistance, and reliable recourse to justice. Forced child begging is one of the main forms of trafficking found in Senegal, where children, commonly known as talibés have been forced to beg in the streets as part of their studies in Quranic schools, called daaras. Post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder are related; each disorder can mask the symptoms of the other, and both need to be treated to attain long-term recovery outcomes. Most notably, in late 2018, they initiated an investigation into a forced labor case with great professionalism that involved four victims forced to work in a retail shop. Maxwell Matewere is a proven anti-trafficking activist in Malawi. Ghana Zimbabwe, Armenia Money and Taxes. Somalia Mozambique These and other priorities are integral to the pursuit of freedom. In an effort to increase accountability, the UN began publishing the nationalities of peacekeepers alleged to have committed sexual abuse and exploitation offenses in 2015. Click a topic to jump to it in the report. × External Link. This unique nongovernmental reach allows faith-based organizations a flexibility that governments cannot exercise. Specific inclusions or omissions should not be interpreted as a signal that a particular case is of greater or lesser importance to the U.S. government, or that a case is the only available example. The 106th Congress of the United States passed the TVPA in 2000, the first comprehensive federal law designed to protect victims of sex and labor trafficking, prosecute traffickers, and prevent human trafficking in the United States and abroad. Nigeria On October 18, 2019, the President determined it is in the national interest of the United States to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Afghanistan and Iraq; to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to the DRC to allow for the provision of International Military Education and Training (IMET) and Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) assistance, to the extent that the CSPA would restrict such assistance or support; to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Mali to allow for the provision of IMET and PKO assistance and the issuance of licenses for direct commercial sales of military equipment and DoD support provided pursuant to 10 U.S.C. Romania That event marks the culmination of an entire year of activity dedicated to diplomatic engagement built around the tier rankings and country narrative recommendations, as well as the production of the report itself. Page 54: Sara Hylton Jane Nady Sigmon Syria Page 11: Smita Sharma A State that Works. Texas.gov is the official website of the State of Texas. Veronica left her indigenous community in Colombia for a domestic service position in the capital city, Bogotá. The U.S. Department of State submits reports on all countries receiving assistance and all United Nations member states to the U.S. Congress in accordance with the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Trade Act of 1974. ], https://www.unodc.org/cld/en/v3/htms/index.html, UNODC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/data-and-analysis/glotip.html, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights, http://www.ilo.org/sapfl/Informationresources/ILOPublications/Byregion/Global/lang–en/index.htm, http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:1:0, Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (A/RES/55/25) (2000), United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (ARES/64/293) (2010), Political Declaration on the Implementation of the Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (2017) (A/RES/72/1), UNSC Resolutions on Trafficking in Persons in Conflict Situations 2331 (2016) , 2388 (2017) and 2493 (2019 S/RES/2493), UNODC Countering Trafficking in Persons in Conflict Situations Thematic Paper (2018), UNODC Evidential Issues in Trafficking in Persons Cases: Case Digest, http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/2017/Case_Digest_Evidential_Issues_in_Trafficking.pdf. Despite the schemes of traffickers, the reality is this: governments across the world, survivors, NGOs, faith communities, and advocates are still at work. Description and Amount of Assistance Withheld Pursuant to Section 404(a). Mr. Baraka told Mary she had no choice but to work for his daughter’s family. This truncated narrative gives a few examples. b)  participation in international sex tourism by nationals of the country. The assessment tool and related survivor-informed training are available online to health care professionals on HEAL Trafficking’s website. In some cases, the President may also waive restrictions for one or more projects, programs, or activities. You are about to leave travel.state.gov for an external website that is not maintained by the U.S. Department of State. There has never been a more important moment to engage the fight for freedom. Local Government Reports. Page 40: Elisabetta Zavoli Similarly, anti-trafficking stakeholders rely on the TIP Report to better understand the realities in a given country and use the report as a tool for advocacy. Systemic inaccessibility to stability is noted frequently among human trafficking survivors. Guyana The 2004 TIP Report collected this data for the first time. The determination to include a government in the CSPA list is informed by a range of sources, including first-hand observation by U.S. government personnel and research and credible reporting from various UN entities, international organizations, local and international NGOs, and international and domestic media outlets. U.S. Reports: Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) Kari A. Johnstone The U.S. Department of State submits reports on all countries receiving assistance and all United Nations member states to the U.S. Congress in accordance with the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Trade Act of 1974. In FY 2019, the U.S. government provided 3,564 notifications to 127 countries. It required the small staff to create simultaneously both a methodology for the report and processes for gathering data, drafting narratives, and assessing government efforts. Macau Myrtis Martin Ultimately, he succeeded in forcing Ted to engage in commercial sex. Solomon Islands Foreign assistance not for the benefit the governments of countries listed on Tier 3, such as to support the people of Tier 3 countries through civil society organizations, is generally not restricted under the TVPA. Mexico Sierra Leone Uzbekistan Iran Perpetrators send an electronic payment to a person in another country who then livestreams the sexual abuse of a child in that country back to the “customer.”. Colonel Rigzin played a central role in efforts to amend the Bhutan Penal Code to align its legal definition of human trafficking with international standards. Alexis Ramdass Specific training of medical and mental health staff aimed at reducing stigma and establishing standards of non-judgmental and trauma-informed care are also highly recommended. Learn how to report a crime, locate a federal inmate, research common U.S. laws, and file a complaint against the government. As we now launch this 20th anniversary report in the midst of the COVID-19 emergency, we are making it clear: neither terrorism nor financial crisis nor a pandemic will stop us from pursuing freedom for victims. Lithuania Page 33: Getty Images The information provided below only includes assistance obligated as of April 15, 2020. A leader in the Jewish community’s fight against modern slavery, T’ruah has partnered since 2011 with the Coalition of Immokalee Workers (CIW) to expand the Fair Food Program, bringing human rights and higher wages to farmworkers in Florida and up the East Coast and eliminating the root causes of human trafficking in the tomato industry. Case Study on Challenges: FIFA’s Efforts To Monitor Player Recruitment. 2013 – Governments that received waivers to remain on Tier 2 Watch List in both 2011 and 2012 faced the automatic downgrade for the first time in 2013. Panama Applicable assistance restrictions apply for the next fiscal year, which begins October 1, 2020. A trauma bond may help a victim feel balanced due to the sense of predictability the relationship provides. Democratic Republic of the Congo Madhu was thrilled when recruiters arrived in his Northern Indian village offering him easy, flexible work at a factory in Bangalore. The victim stories included in this report are meant to be illustrative. International travel has increased to historic levels as it has become more accessible and inexpensive. A complete list that includes all of the countries covered by the 2020 Trafficking in Persons Report is available at: https://www.state.gov/international-conventions-relevant-to-combating-trafficking-in-persons/. Algeria Andrea E. Wilson Liberia Ary Varela and Natalino Correia are instrumental figures in holding human traffickers criminally accountable and assisting victims in attaining justice in Cabo Verde. Mauritania Page 24: Sara Hylton This report was the first to feature a colorful front cover with the signature eyes and a letter from the Secretary of State, as well as compelling photos and images, victim stories, and a list of international “promising practices” in combating human trafficking. As professional sports leagues have become increasingly globalized, multilateral and regional bodies have started incorporating protection of athletes in sports integrity and anticorruption initiatives; however, government and industry efforts to regulate an expanding web of migration and recruitment routes have proven insufficient. Pages 18-19: Ranita Roy A number of human trafficking cases in sports have been reported by news outlets and in documentaries. UNODC also published a paper in 2010, titled Combating Trafficking in Persons in Accordance with the Principles of Islamic Law. In addition, the report methodology and content changed as the years progressed. Julie Hicks Kim fears her family will never escape their trafficker. Stylistically, the 2003 TIP Report went through one of the most noticeable visual transformations. Colombia Local Government Annual Financial Reports; Government Compensation in California Reporting; Audit Guidelines & Uniform Accounting Systems; Apportionments; Local Government Audit Reports; Local Agency Oversight; Revenue Audit Reports; Annual Financial Report of California K-12 Schools Sudan Stages of “relapses” wherein the victim returns to the trafficker should therefore be considered in treatment planning. The Prosecution, Protection, and Prevention sections of each country narrative describe how a government has or has not addressed the relevant TVPA minimum standards (see pages 45-46), during the reporting period. Sonia Helmy-Dentzel When Kim was 12, she began working with her parents to help pay off the debt. These agents often maintain control of athletes’ travel and identity documents to prevent them from leaving, or they exploit a debt amassed from previous fees or interest on loans to keep the athlete in a state of debt-based coercion. An observant neighbor of the eldercare facility reported the situation to law enforcement after seeing that Maria worked long hours, never had a day off, and was constantly tired and disheveled.